The Territories of the Russian Federation 2013 by Publications Europa;

Author:Publications, Europa;
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 1143782
Publisher: Taylor & Francis Group

Republic of Ingushetiya

The Republic of Ingushetiya is situated on the northern slopes of the Greater Caucasus, in the centre of the Northern Caucasus mountain ridge. It forms part of the North Caucasus Federal Okrug and the North Caucasus Economic Area. The Chechen Republic lies to the east and north and North Osetiya—Alaniya lies to the west. (The boundaries of Ingushetiya with both neighbouring federal subjects have been disputed.) In the southern mountains there is an international border with Georgia. The Terek and the Assa are the territory’s main rivers. The Republic is extremely mountainous, with some peaks over 3,000 m high. The Republic occupies about 3,628 sq km (1,401 sq miles). At January 2012 its population was an estimated 430,495 and the population density was 118.7 per sq km. Only 39.2% of the population lived in urban areas. Ingushetiya’s administrative centre is at Magas, a new city, officially founded in 1998. Initially, the city consisted solely of a gold-domed presidential palace and government buildings, and by January 2012 its population was only an estimated 3,367. The former capital, Nazran, remained the largest city in the Republic, with a population of an estimated 98,660. Of those resident in the Republic who stated their ethnicity at the 2010 census, 94.1% were Ingush, 4.6% were Chechen. (At the 2002 census 77.3% of the population had described themselves as Ingush and 20.4% as Chechen.) The Ingush are a Muslim people closely related to the Chechens (the two peoples are collectively known as Vainakhs). They are indigenous to the Caucasus Mountains and have been known historically as Galgai, Lamur, Mountaineers and Kist. Like the Chechen language, their native tongue is a dialect of the Nakh group of the Caucasian family of languages. Ingushetiya is in the time zone GMT+4.

HISTORY

The Ingush are descended from the western Nakh people, whose reaction to Russian colonization of the Caucasus region in the 1860s distinguished them from their eastern counterparts (subsequently known as the Chechens). The Chechens resisted the invaders violently and were driven into the mountains, while the Ingush responded more passively and settled on the plains. In 1920 their territory was temporarily integrated into the Mountain People’s Republic, but became the Ingush Autonomous Oblast on 7 July 1924. In 1934 the region was merged into a Checheno-Ingush Autonomous Oblast, which was upgraded to the status of an ASSR in 1936. Many Ingush intellectuals became victims of purges, and the Ingush literary language was banned. In February 1944 the entire Ingush population (74,000, according to the 1939 census) was deported to Soviet Central Asia (as were the Chechens), and the territory was subsequently handed over to the Osetiyans, although the Ingush were permitted to return from 1957.

With the ascendancy in the Checheno-Ingush ASSR of the All-National Congress of the Chechen People in 1991, a de facto separation between Chechen and Ingush territories was achieved. In June 1992 the federal Supreme Soviet recognized the existence of an Ingush Republic, although its borders were undefined. The Republic also claimed some eastern

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